Penelitian meneukan, sefleksibel mungkin aturan, akan memudahkan dan membuat efisien dan produktif para pekerja. Peraturan perburuhan yang kaku akan menggiring pada prekarisasi pekerja, alih-alih melindungi pekerja. Situasi khusus lainnya, industri yang berlokasi di kotamadya yang melaksanakan undang-undang dengan baik dapat menambah pekerjaan formal dan mengurangi pekerja informal, dibanding dengan industri yang berlokasi di kotamadya dengan pelaksanaan undang-undang yang lemah.
Data bersumber pada sensus di Brazil terkait demografi dan pekerjaan, termasuk daerah penelitian di kotamadya. Data diambil dari sensus penduduk Brazil periode 2000-2010, dibagi berdasarkan status pekerja dibayar (wage employment) dan mandiri (self-employment). Secara empiris membedakan tiga perbedaan: kotamadya, industri, dan waktu.
Dua fitur penting dalam institusi perburuhan di Brazil: 1/ penentuan anggaran berdasarkan jumlah sumber daya untuk inspeksi yang tersedia di tingkat federal, 2/ penentuan keputusan berdasarkan di mana inspeksi dilakukan atau jaraknya dari ibukota dan kotamadya.
Jurnal ini menginvestigasi, kebijakan yang didesain untuk menghubungkan perusahaan-perusahaan di negara berkembang dengan pasar-pasar di negara berkembang melalui akses terhadap pasar, dapat meningkatkan kualitas pekerja di negara-negara berkembang, sebagaimana perubahan pekerja dari pekerja informal ke pekerja formal.
KUTIPAN:
"More flexible labour markets allow workers to reallocate to their most efficient use, enhancing the productivity gains associated with a globalizing world."
"The fact that rigid labour policy may unintentionally amplify the income inequality effects of these shocks, pushing workers into unemployment and increasing the precarization of jobs, should give policymakers serious pause."
"...we next distinguish workers between self-employment and wage employment."
"Industries located in strongly-enforced municipalities could increase formal employment and decrease informal employment by more than industries located in weakly-enforced municipalities, if the first enforcement impact on informality dominates; that is, that job quality increases and workers are induced to register formally."
"However, the data may also show that companies located in strongly-enforced municipalities will increase formal employment and decrease informal employment by less than otherwise identical companies located in weakly-enforced municipalities, in response to the same currency depreciation, if the second enforcement impact on informality dominates; that is, that the cost to Brazilian businesses of employing formal workers increases and so they hire fewer formal workers to circumvent mandated benefits."
Almeida, RK., Paz, LS., & Poole, JP. (2022). Precarization or Protection? The Role of Trade and Labour Policies on Informality. The Journal of Development Studies, 58(7), 1116-1435.
Link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061850
#precariat #labour #policies #informality #brazil #trade
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